Museum Classification System
This is a useful guide for anyone trying to research using museum archives.
The Classification was devised to sort out objects, papers, etc. in collections into logical sections.
The guide is only general and there may also be a cross reference file in some museums.
SECTION 1. COMMUNITY LIFE
This Section contains any material relating to the community rather than individuals or families. In cases of overlap between these concepts Community Life should take priority. For example, Friendly Society regalia, although the property of an individual and worn by him and therefore apparently satisfying the criteria for inclusion in Personal Life should, because of its Community Life implications, appear here. Cross-referencing is usually desirable in such cases.
Examples given are not exhaustive and are intended merely as a guide to the type of material to be included.
GENERAL [1.0]
Includes any community material which cannot be classified in greater detail.
e.g. an account of life in a particular village.
CULTURAL TRADITION [1.1]
Much of the material included here will by its very nature be oral testimony and/or attitudinal. Consequently in certain categories few artefacts, if any, can be recorded. This does not undermine the applicability of this heading, for it provides a useful way of organising additional materials, such as tape recordings, photographs and questionnaires, relating to the `traditional' aspects of community life.
GENERAL [1.10]
RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11-12]
Includes all religious and traditional customary practices and beliefs such as religions, non-theistic beliefs, occultism, social customs, calendar customs, domestic customs, rites of passage, occupational customs, plant and animal customs, number and colour customs and beliefs, etc. e.g:
charms, tarot cards, sacrificial stones, voodoo dolls, witch bottles, mummers' costume, Christmas cards, Easter eggs, traditional cures, birthday cards, valentines, love tokens, funeral cakes, funeral sashes, funeral arm bands, epitaphs.
For folk tales and legends relating to these topics see FOLK NARRATIVE [1.14] and cross-reference if desired; for Sunday schools providing a general education (i.e. reading, writing, etc. as well as religious instruction) see EDUCATION [1.5]; for local authority cemeteries and crematoria see SANITATION [1.43]; for public memorials, statuary and war memorials see PUBLIC MEMORIALS, STATUARY AND PURELY DECORATIVE FEATURES [1.63].
LANGUAGE AND DIALECT [1.13]
Includes material relating to spoken and written language and other traditional forms of communication such as gestures and facial expressions. Sometimes this material will be in the form of folk narratives or discussions of work practices and should be cross-referenced to the appropriate section.
FOLK NARRATIVE [1.14]
Includes folk tales, myths and legends. Many of the items included in this section should be cross-referenced to the relevant sections elsewhere in the Classification.
FOLK DANCE, DRAMA AND MUSIC [1.15]
Includes dance, drama and music which is traditional but not used in association with customs and beliefs, such as traditional social dances, folk songs relating to events, etc.
For non-traditional dance, drama and music see ENTERTAINMENT [1.66] and RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96].
TRADITIONAL GAMES [1.16]
Includes all traditional games not associated with custom. Cross-reference to other sections if desired. e.g. knur and spell, jacks, snobs.
See also GAMES [2.82].
ATTITUDES [1.17]
Includes attitudes of the community towards itself, towards other communities or towards individual members of the community. Attitudes to activities which fit into headings elsewhere in the classification can be cross-referred to the appropriate heading if desired. For example, attitudes towards members of religious groups can be cross-referred to RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; attitudes towards conscientious objectors to OTHER ASPECTS OF WARFARE [1.88].
For fascist political parties see POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS [1.23]. See also RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11] and LANGUAGE AND DIALECT [1.13].
OTHER CULTURAL TRADITIONS [1.19]
ORGANISATIONS [1.2]
For religious organisations see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; for business and professional organisations see BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS [4.02]; for Labour organisations see LABOUR ORGANISATIONS [4.03]; for sporting clubs see SPORT [1.67]; for health-related organisations see WELFARE AND WELLBEING [1.4].
ENVIRONMENTAL AND AMENITY ORGANISATIONS [1.21]
Includes organisations concerned with the global and national environment, the natural environment, the built environment, food, drink and tobacco.
For groups with a health-related programme (e.g. ASH), cross-refer to HEALTH [1.41].
HUMANE AND CONSCIENCE ORGANISATIONS [1.22]
Includes organisations concerned with human rights, gender issues, race, animal welfare, etc.
For political parties with race-oriented policies see POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS [1.23] and cross-refer here if desired; for community attitudes to race see ATTITUDES [1.17]; for Labour organisations see LABOUR ORGANISATIONS [4.03]; for men's and women's social groups see SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS [1.26].
POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS [1.23]
Includes political parties, societies, clubs, etc.
For terrorist organisations (e.g. I.R.A.) see OTHER ORGANISATIONS [1.29].
ETHNIC AND NATIONALIST ORGANISATIONS [1.24]
Includes societies whose aim is the promotion of social and cultural traditions.
For nationalist political parties see POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS [1.23].
FRIENDLY AND CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES [1.25]
Includes those societies which in addition to providing self-help such as sickness and death benefits have a strong social function.
For societies primarily providing welfare benefits see WELFARE [1.42]; for purely commercial insurance companies see BANKING, FINANCE AND INSURANCE [4.91].
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS [1.26]
Includes general social and community organisations such as community centres, village halls, etc. and specialist groups for children, men, women, elderly or disabled people where the primary function of the group is social.
For groups for elderly or disabled people where the function is not primarily social see WELFARE [1.42]; for social clubs which are primarily businesses see HOTELS AND CATERING [4.86]; for social clubs attached to industrial concerns see the appropriate industry.
LEARNED SOCIETIES [1.28]
Includes any organisation dedicated to the study of or indulgence in the arts, history, natural history, science and technology, collecting, model making, etc.
For museums and museum friends organisations see CULTURAL AMENITIES [1.61]; for preservation societies operating a commercial concern see the appropriate industry (e.g. for the Bluebell Railway see RAIL TRANSPORT [4.72]); for private collecting as a hobby see CRAFTS AND HOBBIES 2.83].
OTHER ORGANISATIONS [1.29]
Includes radical extra-establishment pressure groups.
e.g. rioters acting upon a single perceived motive, I.R.A., Sons of Glyndwr.
REGULATION AND CONTROL [1.3]
The first three headings within this division cover the general processes of legislation and administration. Material relating to the practical application of this legislation will normally be classified elsewhere. The minutes of a local authority Parks and Open Spaces, Museums and Cemeteries Committee, for example, would appear under REGIONAL
GOVERNMENT [1.32] or LOCAL GOVERNMENT [1.33], but a museum attendant's uniform would be classified to CULTURAL AMENITIES [1.61].
For public utilities run by local authorities or national government see the appropriate Working Life heading (e.g. municipal gasworks see PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY [4.26], British Rail see RAIL TRANSPORT [4.72]) and cross-reference here if desired.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT [1.31]
Includes the monarchy and parliamentary government.
REGIONAL GOVERNMENT [1.32]
Includes Counties, Scottish Regions, Hundreds and Wapentakes. Unitary authorities covering old Counties or substantial parts thereof are also included.
For regional administrative bodies specific to one subject see that subject (e.g. for area health authorities see HEALTH [1.41]).
LOCAL GOVERNMENT [1.33]
Includes post-1974 reorganisation County District, Borough (i.e. non-Metropolitan District), Metropolitan District and Metropolitan Borough Councils, unitary authorities based on these, Development Corporations, pre-1974 City, Borough and County Borough Councils, Urban District Councils and Rural District Councils, Poor Law Unions, Parishes, Town Councils and Manors.
LAW BREAKING AND ENFORCEMENT [1.35]
Includes the Judiciary, law courts, etc.; police, special constables and traffic wardens; punishment (e.g. prison service, probation service); law breaking.
For solicitors see BUSINESS SERVICES [4.92]; for military police see WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8]; for transport police forces see the appropriate Working Life heading; for the rehabilitation of ex-prisoners when not organised by the prison or probation service see WELFARE [1.42]; for rioting for a perceived purpose see OTHER ORGANISATIONS [1.29]; for smuggling see BOUNDARY CONTROL [1.38].
CONSUMER PROTECTION AND LICENSING [1.36]
Includes trading standards and licensing and certification by governmental bodies.
Cross-refer to other headings as desired (e.g. DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93] in the case of a dog licence).
EMERGENCY SERVICES [1.37]
Includes volunteer and professionally manned ambulance, fire, cave and mountain rescue, and coastal emergency services.
For emergency services maintained by companies (e.g. works' fire brigades, mines rescue brigades, etc.) see the appropriate heading in Working Life (cross-reference here if desired); for police see LAW BREAKING AND ENFORCEMENT [1.35]; for mountain rescue teams operated by the armed services see WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8] (cross-reference here if desired); for Trinity House (lighthouses, etc.) see MARITIME TRANSPORT [4.74].
BOUNDARY CONTROL [1.38]
Includes activities of immigration and emigration control staff and illegal immigration; and the activities of Customs and Excise in controlling imported goods and smuggling.
For other aspects of immigration and emigration see ATTITUDES [1.17], TRAVEL [2.94] and HOLIDAYS AND MOVEMENTS [2.95]; for Value Added Tax and excise duty on spirits and tobacco see NATIONAL GOVERNMENT [1.31].
OTHER REGULATION AND CONTROL [1.39]
WELFARE AND WELLBEING [1.4]
HEALTH [1.41]
Certain areas within this heading will tend to overlap with WELFARE [1.42]. The basic criterion for separating these two is that health services are primarily concerned with medical treatment, whereas welfare services attempt to improve the quality of life by other means.
For dispensing chemists, pharmacists, druggists, retailers of homeopathic medicines and retailers of spectacles who are not ophthalmic opticians see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for welfare centres for mentally handicapped people see WELFARE [1.42]; for organisations concerned with mentally and physically disabled people see WELFARE [1.42]; for social groups for disabled people see SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS [1.26].
WELFARE [1.42]
For the distinction between health and welfare see the note under HEALTH [1.41].
For social and community groups for children, disabled people or the elderly see SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS [1.26]; for stairlifts and other facilities for disabled people installed in the home see HOUSE STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE [2.2]; for establishments where the provision of medical treatment is the primary activity see HEALTH [1.41]; for sheltered workshops which can be separately distinguished from the parent institution see the appropriate industry and cross-reference here if desired; for commercial health insurance schemes see BANKING, FINANCE AND INSURANCE [4.91]; for friendly societies with a strong social function see FRIENDLY AND CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES [1.25]; for commercial job finding agencies see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for buildings and contents see Domestic and Family Life (cross-reference here if desired); for moving house, including purchasing or arranging new lease see HOLIDAYS AND MOVEMENTS [2.95]; for housing provided by industrial concerns see the appropriate heading in Working Life.
SANITATION [1.43]
Includes pest and disease control, refuse disposal, sewage disposal (including night soil collection), cemeteries and crematoria, street drainage, public water standpipes and pumps.
For services provided by private companies see SANITARY SERVICES [4.94]; for street cleaning see STREET MANAGEMENT [1.65]; for church burial grounds see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11] (cross-reference here if desired); for drainage for agricultural purposes see AGRICULTURE [4.11]; for flood control works see WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRY [4.27].
EDUCATION [1.5]
GENERAL [1.50]
Includes general administrative bodies.
e.g. education authorities, Department of Education and Science.
For bodies specific to one particular institution see that institution. An infant school governing board, for example, would be classified to SCHOOLS [1.51].
SCHOOLS [1.51]
Includes nursery, infant, junior and senior schools (including sixth form colleges and specialised schools, e.g. choir schools).
For Sunday schools see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11] unless they provide general education; for child minders, creches, etc. where education is not the primary objective see OTHER PUBLIC SERVICES [4.98].
HIGHER EDUCATION [1.52]
Includes technical colleges, polytechnics, universities, art, drama and music colleges.
ADULT EDUCATION [1.53]
For adult training, etc. provided commercially or given in-house by a business concern see EDUCATION AND TRAINING; RESEARCH [4.95].
OTHER EDUCATION [1.59]
AMENITIES, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORT [1.6]
GENERAL [1.60]
Includes multi-function amenities (e.g. public halls).
CULTURAL AMENITIES [1.61]
Includes libraries, museums and art galleries and other cultural services. OPEN SPACES [1.62] Includes parks, children's playgrounds, allotments and other open spaces (e.g. promenades).
For purely decorative features adorning public open spaces see PUBLIC MEMORIALS, STATUARY AND PURELY DECORATIVE FEATURES [1.63].
PUBLIC MEMORIALS, STATUARY AND PURELY DECORATIVE FEATURES [1.63]
Includes war memorials, commemorative plaques and all kinds of public statuary and ornament whether commemorative or not.
For features whose primary function is something other than decoration or commemoration cross-refer to the appropriate heading. A commemorative bandstand, for example, would be cross-referred to OPEN SPACES [1.62] and a memorial drinking fountain to HYGIENE AMENITIES [1.64].
HYGIENE AMENITIES [1.64]
Includes public lavatories, public slipper baths (including swimming baths where these are inseparable), public laundries and drinking fountains.
For other swimming baths see SPORT [1.67] or RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for non-municipal laundries see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97].
STREET MANAGEMENT [1.65]
Includes street cleaning, maintenance, lighting, seating and shelter, signposting (including street names) and other street management (e.g. bollards). There will be some overlap between this heading and ROAD TRANSPORT [4.71]. Common sense will usually dictate which heading should be used.
For traffic signs see ROAD TRANSPORT [4.71].
ENTERTAINMENT [1.66]
Includes entertainment and celebrations organised by the community.
e.g. festivals, fairs, processions, firework displays, excursions.
For professional entertainment see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96] (where professionals perform at community events, cross-reference here); for society entertainments see appropriate society heading (for example, a Rugby Club dinner would be classified to SPORT [1.67]).
SPORT [1.67]
Includes amateur and semi-professional sports clubs and teams and sporting events or facilities organised or provided by the community or by amateur or semi-professional sports clubs. Includes competitive non-sporting games, keep fit classes, slimming clubs, bloodsports, angling clubs, etc.
For professional sports clubs or players see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for traditional games such as the Haxey Hood see TRADITIONAL GAMES [1.16]; for sports grounds and facilities attached to industrial concerns see the appropriate industry; for personal and family sports gear see SPORT [2.84].
OTHER AMENITIES [1.69]
Includes public clocks, meteorological instruments, sea defences.
For markets see DISTRIBUTION; HOTELS AND CATERING; REPAIRS [4.8].
COMMUNICATIONS AND CURRENCY [1.7]
COMMUNICATIONS [1.71]
Includes vocal, written and electronically broadcast communications but only the communication itself (e.g. a newspaper) not its production and is restricted to public announcements.
e.g. town criers, soap box oratory, graffiti, newspapers, posters, handbills, radio news bulletins.
For the transmission of communications see POSTAL SERVICES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS [4.79]; for family, personal and business communications see the appropriate Section; for religious preaching, etc. see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; for posters relating to one specific subject see that subject.
CURRENCY [1.72]
Includes coins of the realm, banknotes and trade tokens issued by the local community.
For trade tokens issued by a particular industrial concern see the appropriate Working Life heading; for commemorative tokens and medallions see the heading appropriate to the event or person etc. which they commemorate (e.g. for military medals see WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8]).
WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8]
Includes all aspects of military life (i.e. peacetime use of the armed services as well as offensive and defensive deployment) and civilian life in wartime.
For war memorials see PUBLIC MEMORIALS, STATUARY AND PURELY DECORATIVE FEATURES [1.63].
GENERAL AND UNPROVENANCED [1.80]
ARMY [1.81]
Includes regular and auxiliary forces, volunteer and part time forces and youth training units. For the Local Defence Volunteers (L.D.V.) and Home Guard see CIVIL UNITS [1.86].
NAVY [1.82]
Includes regular and auxiliary forces, volunteer and part time forces and youth training units.
AIR FORCE [1.83]
Includes regular and auxiliary forces and youth training units.
CAMPAIGNS [1.84]
INTELLIGENCE [1.85]
e.g. MI5.
For intelligence units specific to one arm of the services see that service.
CIVIL UNITS [1.86]
Includes the Home Guard, Local Defence Volunteers (L.D.V.), Royal Observer Corps, air raid precautions (A.R.P.), Civil Defence and women's service (e.g. Land Army).
CIVILIAN LIFE IN WARTIME [1.87]
Includes any effect of warfare on the civilian population not included in CIVIL UNITS [1.86]. This may in some cases be a cross-reference heading for material primarily classified elsewhere.
For war work cross-refer to the appropriate headings in Working Life; for the land army see CIVIL UNITS [1.86].
OTHER ASPECTS OF WARFARE [1.88]
Includes prisoners of war, pacifism and anti-war movements (organisations and individuals in wartime and in peace opposing military activity)
OTHER MILITARY MATERIAL [1.89]
COMMUNITY LIFE NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [1.9]
EVENTS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [1.91]
Includes natural phenomena.
e.g. earthquakes, floods.
TOPOGRAPHY [1.92]
Includes maps, guide books, general views, etc. not elsewhere specified.
OTHER [1.99]
SECTION 2. DOMESTIC AND FAMILY LIFE
This heading covers all aspects of domestic and family life including the house itself and activities within or related to it.
For cottage industries, outwork, and any other remunerative work undertaken in the home see the appropriate heading in Working Life; for anything specifically associated with an individual see the appropriate heading in Personal Life; for domestic customs and beliefs see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11].
GENERAL [2.0]
Includes any domestic or family material of such a general nature that it cannot be classified to a more detailed heading.
DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1]
Includes all aspects of running the household, legal documents, accounts, bills, etc. and family records.
e.g. title deeds, rent books, rate demands, eviction notices, account books, photograph albums, loose family photographs, pedigrees.
Photographs may be cross-referenced to the appropriate heading(s) for the image content (e.g. holiday snaps see HOLIDAYS AND MOVEMENTS [2.95]); for writing equipment see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96].
HOUSE STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE [2.2]
Includes the basic structure and components and most permanent fittings with the exception of appliances covered in HEATING, LIGHTING, WATER AND SANITATION [2.3]. Also includes so-called `mobile homes' which are in effect prefabricated houses delivered on wheels but not subsequently moved.
For caravans see TRAVEL [2.94].
GENERAL [2.20]
Includes complete buildings, photographs of complete buildings, general interior views, etc.
WALLING [2.21]
e.g. brickwork, plasterwork, skirting, architrave, picture rail, panelling, built-in shelving and cupboards.
For wallpaper see WALL COVERINGS AND FITTINGS [2.47].
ROOFING [2.22]
e.g. joinery, tiles, slates.
DOORS [2.23]
Includes door furniture.
e.g. knobs, hinges.
WINDOWS [2.24]
e.g. casements, sash weights, catches.
For curtain rails see WALL COVERINGS AND FITTINGS [2.47].
FLOORING [2.25]
e.g. joinery, quarry tiles.
CEILINGS [2.26]
e.g. joinery, plasterwork, coving, roses.
STAIRCASES [2.27]
Includes stairlifts.
SERVICES [2.28]
Includes meters, wiring, pipework, and other infrastructure found within the house for the distribution and control of gas, electricity, water, sewage and drainage, central heating, communications, etc.
For heating, lighting and sanitary appliances even when permanently connected see HEATING, LIGHTING, WATER AND SANITATION [2.3]; for commercial production of gas, electricity, etc. see ENERGY AND WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRIES [4.2]; for telephone apparatus, even when permanently connected, see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96]; for provision of telecommunication services see POSTAL SERVICES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS [4.79]; for radio and television receivers see BROADCAST AND PRE-RECORDED ENTERTAINMENT [2.86]; for two-way radio sets,
portable intercoms and baby-listening devices see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96].
OTHER COMPONENTS [2.29]
HEATING, LIGHTING, WATER AND SANITATION [2.3]
This heading is used only for appliances (whether built-in or not) and tools and accessories associated with them.
For all built-in pipework, flues, ducting, wiring, switches, etc. serving these appliances see SERVICES [2.28].
HEATING [2.31]
Includes bedwarmers; heating equipment which is also used for cooking and/or heating water; and attachments and accessories for heating appliances.
For appliances whose sole function is cooking or keeping food hot see COOKING [2.65] or SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66]; for attachments specifically associated with cooking see COOKING [2.65].
LIGHTING [2.32]
Includes solid fuel, oil, gas and electric lighting.
WATER [2.33]
e.g. water pumps, hot water cans.
SANITATION [2.34]
e.g. water closets, cisterns, toilet services (washstand sets), slop pails, baths, chamberpots, sinks, saunas.
For washstands, commode chairs, etc. see FURNITURE [2.41].
FURNISHINGS AND FITTINGS [2.4]
FURNITURE [2.41]
For clocks see OTHER FURNISHINGS AND FITTINGS [2.49]; for piano stools, canterburys, etc. see MUSIC [2.85].
SMALL FURNISHINGS [2.42]
e.g. baskets, boxes, trays, mirrors, doorstops, matchbox holders, wall pockets.
For clocks see OTHER FURNISHINGS AND FITTINGS [2.49]; for costume and soft furnishings storage boxes, etc. see COSTUME AND SOFT FURNISHINGS CARE AND MAINTENANCE [2.53]; for writing accessories see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96]; for smoking accessories see DOMESTIC TOBACCO [2.68]; for fire irons, fenders, coal buckets, etc. see HEATING [2.31]; for trays specifically for serving food see SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66].
SOFT FURNISHINGS [2.43]
e.g. lambrequins (mantelpiece decoration), curtains, tapestries, tablecloths, table runners, table mats, cushions, antimacassars, piano runners, blankets, sheets, quilts, pillows.
FLOOR COVERINGS [2.44]
ORNAMENTS AND CURIOS [2.45]
e.g. vases, bowls, pot-pourris, lustres, statues, carvings, pottery models, wax fruit, fossils.
PICTURES [2.46]
Includes paintings, prints and drawings, framed photographs, plaques and panels, framed samplers, framed certificates and picture frames.
Framed samplers may be cross-referenced to CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83] or EDUCATION [1.5] if appropriate; framed certificates may be cross-referenced to the appropriate subject; framed pictures may be cross-referenced to the appropriate heading(s) for the image content. For general photograph albums and loose collections of family photographs see DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1]; for specific photographs see the appropriate heading (e.g. holiday snaps see HOLIDAYS AND MOVEMENTS [2.95]).
WALL COVERINGS AND FITTINGS [2.47]
Includes coverings used on ceilings.
e.g. wallpaper, picture hooks, curtain rods, curtain rails, pelmets.
For plasterwork, artexing and tiling see WALLING [2.21] & CEILINGS [2.26]; for wall hangings and tapestries see SOFT FURNISHINGS [2.43].
OTHER [2.49]
Includes timekeeping equipment and similar measuring devices.
For personal time pieces see TIMEKEEPING [3.42].
HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.5]
GENERAL [2.50]
Includes any domestic protective clothing which is not specific to a particular task (such as cooking).
e.g. aprons, rubber gloves, kneeling pads.
For protective clothing specific to cooking (e.g. oven gloves) see COOKING [2.65].
HOUSE CLEANING [2.51]
Includes waste disposal and recycling.
For general protective clothing see GENERAL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.50]; for hearth brushes see HEATING [2.31]; for composting see GARDENING [2.92].
UTENSIL CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE [2.52]
Includes all kitchen utensil cleaning and knife sharpening.
For a steel forming part of a carving set see SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66]; for aprons see GENERAL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.50].
COSTUME AND SOFT FURNISHINGS CARE AND MAINTENANCE [2.53]
Includes dry cleaning, laundering, darning and mending, storage and shoe cleaning.
For washboilers see HEATING [2.31]; for textile crafts see CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83]; for storage furniture see FURNISHINGS AND FITTINGS [2.4]; for costume storage also used as luggage (e.g. hatboxes) see also TRAVEL [2.94].
HOME PROTECTION AND SECURITY [2.54]
Includes intruder protection and detection, pest control, fire protection, domestic flood protection and protection of the home and family from the effects of warfare.
For locks, etc. see also DOORS [2.23] and WINDOWS [2.24]; for control of human parasites (e.g. nit ointment) see FAMILY WELLBEING [2.7]; for household protection from the effects of warfare undertaken during hostilities see also CIVILIAN LIFE IN WARTIME [1.87].
FAMILY HYGIENE [2.55]
e.g. soap, towels.
For sinks, baths, etc. see SANITATION [2.34]; for personal toiletries see TOILET [3.5].
PROVISIONING [2.56]
Includes shopping for all household requirements and arranging for deliveries.
e.g. household wants indicators, shopping bags, shopping baskets, wheeled baskets, milk bottle holders, newspaper containers.
MAINTENANCE AND DECORATING [2.58]
Includes tools used for DIY domestic repair work and decorating.
For commercial repair work see CONSTRUCTION [4.6]; for craft and hobby tools see CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83].
FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO [2.6]
For general protective clothing see GENERAL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.50].
NUTRITION [2.61]
Includes diet (including slimming primarily by dietary control), malnutrition, recipes, etc.
For slimming undertaken primarily through taking exercise see PHYSICAL FITNESS IN THE HOME [2.74].
STORAGE [2.62]
e.g. cheese-dishes, storage jars, spiceboxes, spice tins, coolers, refrigerators, bread bins, apple baskets, meat safes, meat guards, biscuit barrels.
For containers used by workmen to take food or drink to work cross-refer to the appropriate heading in Working Life. All containers in which goods are sold should where possible be classified under the appropriate retail trade or industry.
PRESERVATION [2.63]
Includes salting, pickling, preserving, jam making, crystallizing, drying, smoking, freezing.
For freezers which are primarily cold storage devices see STORAGE [2.62]; for chilling food to prepare it for eating rather than for storage (e.g. ice cream making) see COOKING [2.65].
PREPARATION [2.64]
e.g. scales, measures, can openers, food choppers, mincers, bean-slicers, graters, grinders, crushers, mashers, beaters, cutters, corers, mixing bowls, colanders, pork pie moulds, rolling pins, bread boards, kitchen knives, jelly moulds.
COOKING [2.65]
Includes food heating appliances and accessories, methods other than heating (e.g. chilling), cooking containers and accessories.
For kitchen ranges and accessories specific to them see HEATING [2.31]; for food warmers used exclusively for keeping food hot at the table and heaters used for cookery at the table (e.g. fondue set) see SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66], for oven-to-table ware see SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66]; for general purpose protective clothing (e.g. aprons) see GENERAL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.50].
SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66]
Includes food and drink containers, cutlery and table accessories.
For steels not in carving sets see UTENSIL CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE [2.52]; for food warmers not used at the table see COOKING [2.65]; for tablecloths see SOFT FURNISHINGS [2.43].
FOOD PRODUCTS [2.67]
Includes raw, part-prepared and cooked food and drink.
TOBACCO [2.68]
Includes all smoking accessories not carried on the person.
e.g. tobacco jars, pipe racks, table lighters, ashtrays.
For smoking accessories carried on the person see PERSONAL TOBACCO [3.63].
FAMILY WELLBEING [2.7]
GENERAL [2.70]
INFANT RAISING [2.71]
Includes the routine care and training of infants until they are in control of basic functions (i.e. walking, feeding, continence).
For home nursing of sick infants see NURSING THE FAMILY [2.73]; for toys see TOYS [2.81]; for babyclothes see INFANTS' COSTUME [3.37]; for external provision of child care see WELFARE [1.42], PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97] and OTHER PUBLIC SERVICES [4.98].
CHILD REARING [2.72]
Includes the routine care and training of children from the time they are in control of basic functions until they reach adulthood.
For home nursing of sick children see NURSING THE FAMILY [2.73]; for toys see TOYS [2.81]; for children's clothes see COSTUME [3.34-3.37]; for external provision of child care see WELFARE [1.42], PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97] and OTHER PUBLIC SERVICES [4.98].
NURSING THE FAMILY [2.73]
Includes all domestic aspects of care in the home for sick, injured, disabled or elderly family members.
For external medical services see HEALTH [1.41]; for external welfare services, old people's homes, etc. see WELFARE [1.42]; for personal health see PERSONAL WELLBEING [3.7]; for stairlifts see STAIRCASES [2.27]; for invalid carriages, cars, etc. intended for use on the roads see TRAVEL [2.94].
PHYSICAL FITNESS IN THE HOME [2.74]
Includes exercise, massage, weight training, tanning, etc. Slimming is included if achieved primarily through exercise.
For domestic saunas see SANITATION [2.34]; for nutrition (including slimming diets) see NUTRITION [2.61]; for vibrators used as sex aids see SEX AND PROCREATION [3.71])
FAMILY CHANGE [2.78]
Includes adoption, fostering, separation, divorce and bereavement.
For external child care services see WELFARE [1.42] .
OTHER [2.79]
HOBBIES, CRAFTS AND PASTIMES [2.8]
Includes personal leisure occupations.
TOYS [2.81]
Includes art and crafts sets intended specifically for children, constructional toys, educational toys, activity toys, dolls, dolls' clothes and accessories, musical toys, scientific equipment specifically for children, play environments,
occupational, transport and fantasy toys.
For educational card games see also GAMES [2.82]; for full sized instruments played by children, adult musical boxes etc. see MUSIC [2.85]; for bicycles see also TRAVEL [2.94]; for recreational equipment in public places see OPEN SPACES [1.62]; for fairground equipment see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96].
GAMES [2.82]
Includes board and table games, card games, physical games, puzzles, electronic and video games (including dedicated computer game systems) and party games.
For sports equipment see SPORT [2.84]; for general home computers capable of running non-games software see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96].
CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83]
Includes textile crafts, art, woodworking, metal working, model making, collecting, etc. The making of clothes and soft furnishings as part of the running of the home is also included but not commercial crafts or homeworking.
For craft and hobby societies see LEARNED SOCIETIES [1.28]; for textile repairs done out of necessity such as darning and mending see COSTUME AND SOFT FURNISHINGS CARE AND MAINTENANCE [2.53]; for the products of textile craftsmanship see appropriate heading (e.g. for clothes see COSTUME [3.3]; for samplers see PICTURES [2.46]; for embroidered cushions see SOFT FURNISHINGS [2.43]; etc.); for outworkers practising textile crafts at home for commercial gain see the appropriate Working Life heading (e.g. for lacemaking see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for home-based commercial dressmaking see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]); for children's art and craft sets see TOYS [2.81]; for general woodworking tools used primarily for house maintenance see MAINTENANCE AND DECORATING [2.58], for home model making for commercial gain see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for gardening see GARDENING [2.92]; for the keeping and breeding of livestock see DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93].
SPORT [2.84]
Includes equipment and clothing owned by individuals or communally by a household for sports and games indulged in as a pastime. Includes bloodsports.
For amateur sports clubs see SPORT [1.67]; for sporting activities and facilities provided by the community see SPORT [1.67]; for games played inside the home and garden see GAMES [2.82]; for sporting activities provided by industrial or commercial concerns appropriate working life heading; for professional sports see RECREATIONAL AND
OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for school sports see SCHOOLS [1.51]; for the manufacture of sporting goods see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for the retailing of sports goods see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for equipment used for primarily for transport see also TRAVEL [2.94]; for commercial fishing see FISHING [4.15]; for commercial hunting see COMMERCIAL HUNTING AND TRAPPING [4.16]; for animals kept for transport see TRAVEL [2.94]; for animals kept as pets or for food see DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93]. Sports clothing may be cross-referenced
to COSTUME [3.3] if desired.
MUSIC [2.85]
Includes instruments (played and mechanical), accessories and scores.
For toy musical instruments see TOYS [2.81].
BROADCAST AND PRE-RECORDED ENTERTAINMENT [2.86]
Includes radio, recorded sound, television, home video, photography, slide projection, home movie making and projection.
For amateur `ham' radio equipment see CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83]; for other two-way radio equipment see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96]; for video games see GAMES [2.82]; for mechanical musical instruments and accessories see MUSIC [2.85]; for child's tape players, projectors, etc. see TOYS [2.81].
BOOKS [2.87]
This heading is mainly used for novels, magazines, annuals, etc.
For non-fiction see the appropriate subject.
DOMESTIC LIFE NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [2.9]
HOUSEHOLD EVENTS [2.91]
GARDENING [2.92]
Includes boundaries, garden structures and ground features, garden furniture, ornamentation and plant husbandry including allotments and indoor gardening.
For material relating to horticultural shows, etc. see LEARNED SOCIETIES [1.28]; for garden recreational equipment for children see TOYS [2.81]; for barbecue equipment see FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO [2.6]; for garden lighting see LIGHTING [2.32]; for domestic livestock housing see DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93]; for wash houses, garages, coalsheds, woodsheds and other domestic working or storage buildings not primarily associated with the
garden see HOUSE STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE [2.2]; for child's tree houses, Wendy houses, etc. see TOYS
[2.81]; for aviaries and accessories for caged birds see DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93].
DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93]
Includes the keeping of pigs, fowl, rabbits, dogs, cats, goldfish, caged birds, pigeons, bees, etc., both as pets and for food.
For pigeon-fancying clubs, dog breed clubs, etc. see LEARNED SOCIETIES [1.28].
TRAVEL [2.94]
Includes family and personal vehicles, mobile homes and luggage and other travel accessories.
For baby carriages see INFANT RAISING [2.71]; for wheelbarrows and other transport for garden use see GARDENING [2.92]; for so-called `mobile homes' which in effect are pre-fabricated houses delivered on wheels but not subsequently moved see HOUSE STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE [2.2].
HOLIDAYS AND MOVEMENTS [2.95]
Includes days out, picnics and other trips of short duration, moving house, emigration and immigration.
For caravans see TRAVEL [2.94]; for luggage see TRAVEL [2.94]; for the provision of holiday accommodation see HOTELS AND CATERING [4.86]; for travel agents see MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORT AND STORAGE SERVICES [4.78]. Cross-reference holiday photographs to DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1] if appropriate; for removal contractors see ROAD TRANSPORT [4.71]; for estate agents see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for governmental control over emigration and immigration see BOUNDARY CONTROL [1.38]; for travel agents see MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORT AND STORAGE SERVICES [4.78].
COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96]
Includes writing (manuscript, mechanical and electronic), telephony, and domestic interactive radio communication.
For communications equipment used for both domestic and business purposes cross-reference to the appropriate working life or community life heading; for passive radio and television receivers see BROADCAST AND PRE-RECORDED ENTERTAINMENT [2.86]; for written material see appropriate heading (e.g. LANGUAGE AND DIALECT [1.13], DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1], PERSONAL ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [3.1], etc.); for language see LANGUAGE AND DIALECT [1.13]; for built-in cabling, aerials, etc. see SERVICES [2.28]; for personalised stationery see DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1] or PERSONAL STATIONERY [3.16]; for writing furniture (e.g. desks) see FURNITURE [2.41]; for written material see appropriate heading (e.g. LANGUAGE AND DIALECT [1.13], DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1], etc.); for games computers see GAMES [2.82]; for permanently installed intercoms, speaking tubes, etc. see SERVICES [2.28].
OTHER [2.99]
Includes batteries for general domestic use and boxes of matches.
For batteries used for specific purposes see appropriate heading (e.g. BROADCAST AND PRE-RECORDED ENTERTAINMENT [2.86] for a radio accumulator).
SECTION 3. PERSONAL LIFE
This Section is used only for items belonging to, used by, or related exclusively to one person, and normally carried or kept privately by that person, rather than forming part of the domestic scene.
For example, smelling salts should normally be classified to FAMILY WELLBEING [2.7], but smelling salts in a small bottle obviously carried around by one particular individual should be classified to MEDICATION [3.72]. A scrapbook about a coal mining disaster would be classified to PEAT CUTTING AND COAL EXTRACTION [4.21], but a scrapbook recording the life of one particular individual would be classified to BIOGRAPHY [3.12]. A pipe rack would be classified to DOMESTIC TOBACCO [2.68], but a pipe would normally be classified to PERSONAL TOBACCO [3.63]. In borderline cases, classify to both headings.
Examples given are not exhaustive and are intended merely as a guide to the type of material to be included.
All personal leisure occupations are included in HOBBIES, CRAFTS AND PASTIMES [2.8].
GENERAL [3.0]
Includes any personal material which cannot be classified in further detail.
PERSONAL ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [3.1]
CERTIFICATES [3.11]
e.g. civil registration, ecclesiastical, society and organisation (trade union, friendly society, etc.), educational. Most of these will be cross-references from the appropriate heading in Community Life or Working Life.
For framed certificates see also PICTURES [2.46].
BIOGRAPHY [3.12]
Includes written biography, oral reminiscences, etc. and scrapbooks exclusively recording the life of an individual whether compiled by them or by another party.
DIARIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY [3.13]
Includes oral reminiscences.
PORTRAITS [3.14]
Includes any visual representation of an individual which does not more logically come under DOMESTIC AND FAMILY ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [2.1] or PICTURES [2.46], or an appropriate Community or Working Life heading. Death masks and sculpture are included here (unless part of a memorial).
For memorials see MEMORIALS [3.23].
COMMONPLACE BOOKS, ETC [3.15]
Includes notebooks, memoranda, and scrapbooks compiled by an individual but not specifically biographical.
See also BIOGRAPHY [3.12] and DIARIES AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY [3.13].
PERSONAL STATIONERY [3.16]
e.g. visiting card, personalised notepaper.
For general stationery see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96].
OTHER PERSONAL ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS [3.19]
e.g. personal correspondence.
RELICS, MEMENTOS AND MEMORIALS [3.2]
RELICS [3.21]
e.g. locks of hair, nail clippings, bones.
For death masks see PORTRAITS [3.14].
MEMENTOS [3.22]
Includes souvenir items which cannot more logically be classified elsewhere.
e.g. dried flowers picked as a reminder of someone.
MEMORIALS [3.23]
Includes any memorial to an individual which cannot be more logically classified elsewhere.
e.g. memorial in a private garden.
See also PUBLIC MEMORIALS, STATUARY AND PURELY DECORATIVE FEATURES [1.63].
COSTUME [3.3]
Includes worn and carried costume accessories, adornment and accessories used in the adjusting of clothing.
Specialised industrial clothing, military or other uniform, livery or regalia should be cross-referenced to the appropriate activity. An admiral's uniform, for example, is classified to NAVY [1.82], whilst a pair of foundryman`s boots is classified to MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43] and a footman's livery to PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for protective clothing worn in the house see GENERAL HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT [2.50] or COOKING [2.65]; for surgical support appliances see SURGICAL SUPPORT [3.76]; for combs used for arranging rather than holding hair (i.e. not worn) see HAIR CARE [3.54]; for spectacles see SIGHT IMPAIRMENT [3.74]; for suitcases, glove boxes, etc. see TRAVEL [2.94] and COSTUME AND SOFT FURNISHINGS CARE AND MAINTENANCE [2.53]; for purses see PERSONAL STORAGE [3.41]; for watches see TIMEKEEPING [3.42]; for walking sticks see MOBILITY IMPAIRMENT [3.75].
GENERAL [3.30]
ADULT UNISEX [3.31]
MEN'S [3.32]
For cross-references see main heading COSTUME [3.3].
WOMEN'S [3.33]
For wedding dresses for religious ceremonies see also RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; for traditional secular wedding costume see also RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; for other cross-references see main heading COSTUME [3.3].
CHILDREN'S UNISEX [3.34]
BOYS' [3.35]
GIRLS' [3.36]
INFANTS' [3.37]
ACCESSORIES NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [3.4]
For toilet accessories see TOILET [3.5]; for food, drink and tobacco accessories see PERSONAL FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO [3.6]; for medical accessories see PERSONAL WELLBEING [3.7].
STORAGE [3.41]
e.g. wallets, purses.
For food and drink containers see PERSONAL FOOD [3.61] and PERSONAL DRINK [3.62]; for tobacco pouches, cigarette cases, etc. see PERSONAL TOBACCO [3.63]; for drug containers see PERSONAL MEDICATION [3.72]; for suitcases and other luggage (unless personalised) see TRAVEL [2.94].
TIMEKEEPING [3.42]
e.g. pocket watches, wristwatches.
WRITING [3.43]
e.g. fountain pens, penknives (for trimming pens), writing cases.
For pocketknives see OTHER PERSONAL ACCESSORIES [3.49]; for non-personal writing equipment see COMMUNICATING EQUIPMENT [2.96].
OTHER [3.49]
e.g. pocketknives.
TOILET [3.5]
Includes all aspects of general personal hygiene and cosmetic activities.
For more specific protection against disease, etc. see PERSONAL WELLBEING [3.7]; for items kept in the home and used by all the family such as soap, toothpaste, etc. see FAMILY HYGIENE [2.55].
GENERAL [3.50]
e.g. pocket mirrors, toilet cases.
WASHING [3.51]
Includes all aspects of general body cleansing.
ORAL HYGIENE [3.52]
See also 3.72.
FEMININE HYGIENE [3.53]
HAIR CARE [3.54]
For combs, hair grips, etc. worn in the hair see COSTUME [3.3].
MANICURE AND PEDICURE [3.55]
PERFUME [3.56]
Includes deodorants.
MAKE-UP [3.57]
Includes all cosmetic preparations except those applied to the hair or the nails.
For hair care see HAIR CARE [3.54]; for nail care see MANICURE AND PEDICURE [3.55].
OTHER [3.59]
FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO [3.6]
For personal food and drink containers used exclusively to take food to work see the appropriate working life heading and cross-reference here if desired.
FOOD [3.61]
DRINK [3.62]
TOBACCO [3.63]
Includes other smoked drugs, etc.
For table lighters see DOMESTIC TOBACCO [2.68].
PERSONAL WELLBEING [3.7]
SEX AND PROCREATION [3.71]
Includes sexual orientation, sex aids and pornography, contraception, conception, pregnancy, termination, childbirth and sexually transmitted diseases.
For gay and lesbian organisations see HUMANE AND CONSCIENCE ORGANISATIONS [1.22] & SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS [1.26]; for society attitudes towards sexual orientation see ATTITUDES [1.17]; for crimes motivated by intolerance of differing sexual orientation see LAW BREAKING AND ENFORCEMENT [1.35]; for massage equipment not specifically designed for sexual stimulation see FAMILY WELLBEING [2.7]; for exotic garments and maternity wear see COSTUME [3.3] and cross-reference here if desired; for production and distribution of pornography see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96], PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97], MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57], etc.; for prostitution see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for abortion clinics see HEALTH [1.41]; for community attitudes to sexually transmitted diseases see ATTITUDES [1.17].
MEDICATION [3.72]
Includes personal drug containers and applicators.
For medication for general family use see NURSING THE FAMILY [2.73].
HEARING IMPAIRMENT [3.73]
SIGHT IMPAIRMENT [3.74]
MOBILITY IMPAIRMENT [3.75]
Includes walking aids.
SURGICAL SUPPORT [3.76]
e.g. trusses, spinal support corsets, elasticated stockings.
ARTIFICIAL LIMBS, ORGANS, ETC [3.77]
OTHER [3.79]
PERSONAL LIFE NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [3.9]
EVENTS [3.91]
Includes any material relating to events in an individual's life which cannot be classified elsewhere.
For material relating to rite of passage customs and beliefs (e.g. birthday cards) see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11].
OTHER [3.99]
SECTION 4. WORKING LIFE
This Section is used to classify any working activity usually undertaken for commercial reasons, whether in a factory (or other specialised working environment) or at home. It includes trades, crafts, professions, industries, services and transport, and any ancillary activities directly associated with them.
There is a certain amount of overlap between Working Life and Community Life. For example, professional entertainment is classified to RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96], while entertainment provided by the community is classified to ENTERTAINMENT [1.66]. Usually the distinction is whether the undertaking is predominantly considered a commercial one, or whether it is seen primarily as a service provided by the community.
The Working Life Section is intended to deal with the production of artifacts and the organisation and processes involved in their manufacture. The actual products are normally classified to the area in which they are used. For example, the manufacture of cutlery (and all the associated tools, equipment, processes, etc. involved in its production) is classified to MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43], but cutlery in use is classified to the appropriate heading of the user, e.g. cutlery used in the home is classified to SERVING, EATING AND DRINKING [2.66]; cutlery used in a primary school is classified to SCHOOLS [1.51]. If, however, an artifact has been collected as an example of a product made by a particular company, it may then be classified to the industry in question. Cross-referencing will be desirable in many cases.
Many industries are involved in the provision of a diverse range of products and services. Material relating to these enterprises should be classified to a general heading or according to the nature of their major activity; in some cases the original business of a company will provide a guide.
Both the installation and repair of machinery, equipment, etc. is normally classified to the manufacturer or distributor of that plant. The installation of equipment which requires little more than connection to the mains electricity supply (e.g. refrigerators, television sets) is classified to WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81] or RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85].
For the installation of items which can be regarded as forming an integral part of a building (e.g, electrical wiring systems, etc.) see CONSTRUCTION [4.6]; for establishments specialising in the installation of complete process plant (e.g. chemical plant, petrochemical and gas plant) see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for specialist installers of electrical equipment or machinery who are not the manufacturers see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for repair of consumer goods and vehicles see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for establishments mainly engaged in merchanting, broking, importing and exporting see the appropriate headings in DISTRIBUTION; HOTELS AND CATERING; REPAIRS [4.8].
GENERAL AND UNPROVENANCED [4.0]
GENERAL [4.00]
Includes any Working Life material which is of such a general nature that it cannot be classified to any one specific heading.
For material which cannot be classified due to lack of provenance see UNPROVENANCED WORKING LIFE [4.08].
GENERAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY EXHIBITIONS [4.01]
Includes material relating to general trade fairs and industry exhibitions, such as the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Exhibitions staged by or relating to a particular industry, or group of industries, should be classified to the relevant industry. For example, the Printing Trades Exhibition is classified to MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57].
BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS [4.02]
Includes any business or professional organisation which encompasses more than one Working Life heading.
e.g. Confederation of British Industry (C.B.I.), chamber of trade, safety council.
For organisations specific to one industry or a group of industries see the appropriate Working Life heading (e.g. for the Iron and Steel Trades Confederation see MINING AND MANUFACTURE OF METALS AND METAL GOODS; ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES [4.4]).
LABOUR ORGANISATIONS [4.03]
Includes trades unions.
For material specific to labour relations within any industry see that industry.
UNPROVENANCED [4.08]
Includes any Working Life material which cannot be classified to any specific heading due to lack of provenance. For example, a photograph showing the aftermath of a boiler explosion at an unidentifiable works would be classified here.
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING [4.1]
AGRICULTURE [4.11]
Includes all types of agricultural holdings and establishments where animals (including bees, silkworms, etc.) are reared for food or other products, research or breeding. Hops, potatoes, grass and cereal seeds, peas for vining and peas for harvesting dry are classified here.
For the production of fruit, other vegetables, flowers and seeds see HORTICULTURE [4.12]; for agricultural societies and animal breed societies see LEARNED SOCIETIES [1.28]; for domestic livestock see DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK [2.93].
HORTICULTURE [4.12]
Includes holdings used mainly for the production of vegetables (other than those specified in AGRICULTURE [4.11]), fruit, herbs, mushrooms, flowers, bulbs, and seeds. Nursery gardens producing plants, shrubs and trees are classified here.
For trees produced for the purpose of afforestation see FORESTRY [4.14]; for domestic gardening see GARDENING [2.92].
AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SERVICES [4.13]
Includes services provided to farmers and horticulturists by specialist contractors. For example, ploughing, ditching, threshing.
For roof thatching see CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF BUILDINGS [4.61].
FORESTRY [4.14]
Includes gathering of uncultivated vegetable products such as ferns, furze, moss, reeds, etc. from forests and elsewhere.
For tree harvesting carried out by sawmilling establishments see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56] or MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57].
FISHING [4.15]
Includes commercial sea and freshwater fishing, fish farming, whaling and fishing for shellfish.
For professional involvement in angling as a sport see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96].
COMMERCIAL HUNTING AND TRAPPING [4.16]
Includes the hunting and trapping of land animals.
For whaling see FISHING [4.15]; for hunting purely for sport see SPORT [1.67 & 2.84]; for estate management to sustain commercial hunting or letting of sporting rights see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93].
ENERGY AND WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRIES [4.2]
PEAT CUTTING AND COAL EXTRACTION [4.21]
Includes peat cutting for fuel, deep coal mining and open cast coal working.
Where peat cutting is for other purposes (e.g. compost) see EXTRACTION OF MINERALS [4.31].
COKE OVENS AND MANUFACTURE OF OTHER SOLID FUELS [4.22]
Includes the manufacture of other solid fuels (whether carbonised or not) in the form of briquettes, ovoids or other coal agglomerates.
EXTRACTION OF MINERAL OILS AND NATURAL GAS [4.23]
Includes the exploration for and extraction of petroleum on land and offshore (`petroleum' in this context includes mineral oil, methane, ethane, propane, butane and condensates).
For other land pipelines see MINERAL OIL PROCESSING [4.24] if feeding a refinery, PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY [4.26] if part of the distribution of gas, WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81] if part of the distribution of fuel or TRANSPORT NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.77] if operated on a fee or contract basis; for the provision of other services such as manufacturing, repairing, catering,
transport, procurement or hiring, see the appropriate headings elsewhere in the Classification.
MINERAL OIL PROCESSING [4.24]
Includes the refining of crude and process oils or shale oil for the derivation of refined or partly-refined petroleum products by distillation, redistillation of unfinished petroleum products, cracking or other processes and the processing, blending and compounding of mineral oils and greases (including blending and compounding with animal and vegetable oils).
For the manufacture of petrochemicals see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33].
NUCLEAR FUEL PRODUCTION [4.25]
Includes the production and enrichment of uranium, the manufacture of fuel rods etc., reprocessing of fuel rods, and disposal of nuclear waste.
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY [4.26]
Includes electricity and gas showrooms and separately identifiable establishments producing and distributing steam, hot water, compressed air and hydraulic power. District heating plants are included.
For establishments producing electricity specifically for railway, tramway or trolleybus operation or for specific groups of factories see the appropriate transport or manufacturing heading and cross-reference here if desired; for natural gas exploration and extraction both on land and offshore and the operation of land terminals, etc. see EXTRACTION OF MINERAL OILS AND NATURAL GAS [4.23].
WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRY [4.27]
Includes water supply, water conservation and development (water resources), pollution alleviation, water quality regulation, land drainage and river management.
For hydraulic water power see PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY [4.26].
EXTRACTION OF MINERALS; MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS [4.3]
EXTRACTION OF MINERALS [4.31]
Includes the extraction of all minerals other than fuels and metallic ores. Includes ores and compounds with a metallic content which are not normally used for the production of metal (e.g. iron pyrites); and peat cutting for compost. In addition to the actual extraction, this heading includes ancillary operations undertaken on the same site (e.g. cleaning, washing, grading and rough cutting). Further processing activities (e.g. coating, dressing, polishing, carving and otherwise working) may be included here if they are carried out on the same site and cannot be conveniently separated. Otherwise they should be classified under the appropriate manufacturing heading in MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32].
For the extraction of coal see PEAT CUTTING AND COAL EXTRACTION [4.21]; for the extraction of mineral oil and natural gas see EXTRACTION OF MINERAL OILS AND NATURAL GAS [4.23]; for the extraction of ferrous and non-ferrous ores see FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.41] and NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.42] respectively; for clay extraction as an integral part of brick or cement manufacture see MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32]; for processing, packaging, etc. of salt for culinary purposes at other establishments see FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.51-52]; for peat cutting for fuel see PEAT CUTTING AND COAL EXTRACTION [4.21].
MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32]
Includes the manufacture of structural clay products, refractory goods, pottery and ceramic goods; cement, lime and plaster; cement and plaster products; asbestos goods; working of stone and other non-metallic minerals not elsewhere specified; non-metallic abrasive products; glass and glassware.
For dental plaster see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for automotive gaskets made up into sets see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for mineral processing activities carried out at the mining or quarrying site, and not readily separable from the extraction process see EXTRACTION OF MINERALS [4.31]; for sculpting see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for metallic abrasives see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for the cutting of glass to size in the course of distribution see WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81]; for the manufacture of complete electric lamps and valves see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICENGINEERING [4.46]; for glass thermometers and similar measuring instruments see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for woven glass fibre fabrics see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for complete glass fibre boats see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for glass fibre reinforced plastics products see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for the grinding of optical glass and lenses see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48].
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]
Includes the manufacture of basic industrial chemicals; paints, varnishes and printing ink; specialised chemical products mainly for industrial and agricultural purposes; pharmaceutical products; soap and toilet preparations; photographic materials and chemicals; production of man-made fibres; polishes, candles and similar products of wax; chemicals for the preservation of food-stuffs; household deodorisers and unrecorded magnetic tape.
For meat meal, meat and bone meal, steamed bone flour and meal, and hoof and horn meal, see FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.51-52]; for regenerated cellulose film see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for reclaimed rubber and rubber goods see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for cement based paints see MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32]; for the manufacture of printers' rollers and roller compositions see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for adhesive paper see MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57]; for recovery of fat see FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.51-52]; for the manufacture of
live ammunition and shell fuses see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for disposable sanitary goods see MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57]; for unsensitised film see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for subsequent processing of man-made fibre at another site see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for the manufacture of textile glass fibres see MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32].
MINING AND MANUFACTURE OF METALS AND METAL GOODS; ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES [4.4]
FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.41]
Includes the mining and extraction of ferrous ores and their preparation; manufacture of iron and steel; hot-finished products such as rails, joists, bars, sections and sheets; coated products (e.g. tinplate); iron and steel tubes; drawing, cold rolling and cold forming of iron and steel (includes products such as wire nails, wire netting and upholstery springs).
For mining and extraction of ores and compounds with a metallic content which are not normally used for the production of metal (e.g. iron pyrites) see EXTRACTION OF MINERALS [4.31]; for the manufacture of cast-iron pipes see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for watch springs see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for motor vehicle suspension springs see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for all other springs see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for aluminium, copper or brass wire and wire products see NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.42]; for other nails see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for the production of castings, forgings and pressings in ferrous metals see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43].
NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.42]
Includes the mining, extraction and preparation of non-ferrous ores; the refining and smelting of non-ferrous metals and alloys; the manufacture of semi-manufactured non-ferrous products.
For the production of non-ferrous castings, forgings and pressings see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43].
MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]
Includes founding, pattern making, forging, pressing, stamping, heat and surface treatment of metals (e.g. grinding, gilding, enamelling, polishing, electroplating, galvanising, sintering, etc.), sheet metal working, and the manufacture of basic finished metal products.
For the manufacture of articles of precious metals see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for motorbody pressing see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for wire nails see FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.41]; for watch springs see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for upholstery springs see FERROUS METALS INDUSTRY [4.41]; for motor vehicle suspension springs see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for precision chain making see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for predominately wooden hand tools see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for the manufacture of surgical cutlery see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for storage vessels forming a part of industrial plant see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for upholstered furniture with a metal frame see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for central heating systems see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for domestic electrical appliances see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46];
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]
Includes general mechanical engineering; the manufacture of industrial plant and constructional ironwork; boilers; industrial prime movers; mechanical power transmission equipment; compressors and fluid power equipment; pumps and valves; refrigeration machinery, space heating, ventilating and air conditioning equipment; metal-working machine tools and engineers' tools; mining machinery, construction and mechanical handling equipment; agricultural machinery and tractors; machinery for the food, chemical and related industries; process engineering contractors; the manufacture of textile machinery; woodworking machinery; rubber and plastics working machinery; leatherworking and footwear making and repairing machinery; paper making, printing, bookbinding and paper goods machinery; brick
making and similar machinery; glass making machinery; laundry and dry cleaning machinery;scales and weighing machinery; portable power tools; machinery for foundries and rolling mills; non-electronic testing machines; coin or token-operated automatic slot machines; other industrial or commercial machinery; and ordnance, small arms and ammunition.
For metal window frames and doors see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for marine boilers see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for bins, tanks and bunkers in metal under 3 mm see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for platform fabrications of concrete and specialists involved in the erection of fixed platforms see CIVIL ENGINEERING [4.64]; for specialists involved in the manufacture of complete floating oil rigs see TRANSPORT
ENGINEERING [4.47]; for road vehicle, marine and aero engines see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for turbines
designed solely for electricity generation and electric motors see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for gears, gear boxes, clutches and engine parts for motor vehicles see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for the manufacture of domestic refrigerators and deep-freeze units see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for domestic gas heaters see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for domestic electric heaters and fans see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for the manufacture of electric welding equipment see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for engineers' hand tools see [4.43]; for mine railway equipment see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for metal hand trucks see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for road tractors solely for tractor-trailer combinations see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for electrical accessories and other electrical equipment see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for food processing machinery for domestic use see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for high frequency microwave and dielectric furnaces see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for domestic electrical laundering machines see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for analytical and other precision balances see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for electronic testing equipment see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for measuring, checking and precision testing instruments and apparatus see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for hand-held fire extinguishers see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for wheeled armoured fighting vehicles see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47].
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]
Includes the manufacture of insulated wires and cables, and electrical equipment and machinery. Also includes the overhauling of electrical equipment.
For the manufacture of speedometers and tachometers see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for the manufacture of vehicle instrument panel clocks see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for industrial food and drink processing equipment see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for the manufacture of metal-working machine tools incorporating physico-chemical processes (spark erosion, ultrasonic, laser, etc.) see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for commercial refrigerating machinery see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for the manufacture of lasers see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for recording studios see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for computer equipment see OTHER ENGINEERING NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.49]; for the manufacture of commercial refrigerating and freezing equipment see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for the installation of electrical equipment by manufacturers see the heading relevant to the manufacture of the goods concerned; for wiring buildings see INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES AND FITTINGS [4.62].
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]
Includes the manufacture of road vehicles, carriagework, engines and parts; railway and tramway vehicles and parts; shipbuilding and marine engineering; aero and space engineering.
For village wheelwrights who combined this trade with more general joinery see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for electric prime movers see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for electrical parts see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for rough or semi-finished castings or forgings see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for cycle chains see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for the manufacture of children's toy scooters, tricycles and bicycles see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for industrial trucks see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for internal combustion engines for railway locomotives see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for general boilermakers see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for ship-breaking see DEALING IN SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS [4.82]; for aeronautical instruments (other than electronic) see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for radio, radar and other electronic and electrical equipment see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for parts and accessories made of asbestos, glass, rubber or plastic see MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32] and PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58] respectively; for the manufacture of warheads see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45].
INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]
Includes the manufacture of measuring, checking and precision instruments and apparatus; medical, surgical, dental and veterinary equipment and orthopaedic appliances; optical precision instruments and photographic equipment; clocks, watches and other timing devices.
For apparatus using electrical or electronic technology for sensing or measuring see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46];for X-ray apparatus see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for orthopaedic footwear see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for electrical photographic exposure meters see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46].
OTHER ENGINEERING NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.49]
Includes the manufacture of office machinery and electronic data processing equipment.
For dictating machines see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for offset-litho duplicating machines see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for document copiers and microfilm equipment see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for facsimile transmission machines see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for industrial process control systems see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46]; for card and tape punches and verifiers and electro-magnetic equipment not specialised for computer uses see OTHER
ENGINEERING NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.49].
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.5]
FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.51-52]
Includes the manufacture of organic oils and fats (other than crude animal fats); slaughtering of animals and production of meat and by-products; preparation of milk and milk products; processing of fruit and vegetables; fish processing; grain milling; the manufacture of starch; bread, biscuits and flour confectionery; sugar and sugar by-products; ice cream, cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery; other foods; animal feeding stuffs; spirit distilling and compounding; production of wines, cider and perry; brewing and malting; production of soft drinks; and the tobacco industry.
For the preparation of meat products in wholesale or retail establishments see WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81] or RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for fat splitting and other chemical treatment see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for dairy processes carried out at agricultural establishments see AGRICULTURE [4.11]; for bakehouses inseparable from retail bread and flour confectioners see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85].
TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]
Includes the preparation, spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles; the manufacture of knitted goods; carpets and other textile floor coverings; rope, cord and netting; and the preparation of upholstery hair fibre and filling, kapok and vegetable down.
For the extrusion of polypropylene fibres and filament yarns see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for the extrusion of films and tapes of synthetic material see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for continuous filament yarn doubled, twisted, etc. in an establishment producing man-made fibres see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for the manufacture of sacks and bags of woven polypropylene fabric see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for the coating of fabrics with rubber or plastics see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for lacemaking as a hobby see CRAFTS AND HOBBIES [2.83]; for embroidering of woven household textiles, clothing and handkerchiefs see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for belting coated or impregnated with rubber or plastic see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for the manufacture of tufted fabrics used for household textiles see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55].
MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER AND LEATHER GOODS [4.54]
Includes the preparation of all types of leather; fellmongery; and the manufacture of sheepskin and leather goods (other than footwear, clothing and sports goods).
For the dyeing of sheepskins and the manufacture of sheepskin apparel see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for leather gloves and clothing see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for leather sports goods and equipment, including specialised bags, see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59].
FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]
Includes the manufacture of footwear (except wooden); the manufacture of all types of clothing other than knitted garments; the manufacture of umbrellas and sunshades; the manufacture of handkerchiefs and other miscellaneous clothing accessories; the manufacture of household textiles; the manufacture of tents, tarpaulins, and other goods of sailcloth, canvas and the like; the manufacture of sacks and bags from woven fabrics; the sorting, dressing and dyeing of furs and the manufacture of fur and sheepskin apparel, trimmings, and rugs.
For wooden shoes, soles, heels or lasts see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for plastic footwear components see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for moulded rubber bottoms, rubber soles, heels and other rubber footwear components see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for retail bespoke tailoring and dressmaking, and workrooms attached to retail shops see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for garments produced in the hosiery and other knitted goods industry see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for protective headgear of plastics material see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for knitted gloves see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for moulded or dipped rubber or plastic gloves see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for gloves specifically manufactured for sportswear (e.g. boxing, cricket and hockey) see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for walking sticks and canes see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for the weaving of sailcloth, canvas and the like see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for the weaving of jute and polypropylene
yarn see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for weaving establishments also producing made-up household textiles
see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for knitting establishments also producing maid-up household textiles see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for the dressing of sheep and lambskins and the manufacture of sheepskin rugs, seat covers, etc. see MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER AND LEATHER GOODS [4.54].
TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]
Includes general woodworking (e.g. village wheelwright/joiner); sawmilling; the manufacture of veneers, artificial boards, etc.; timber preservation; the manufacture of prefabricated wooden buildings, bridges and other timber engineering products; builders' joinery; the manufacture of wooden containers, cabinets, shelving, etc.; wooden furniture (including upholstered furniture with a metal frame or plastics shell); mattresses of all types; brushes, brooms and mops of all materials; paintbrushes and painting rollers; cork products; articles of plaiting materials; and the manufacture of other wooden articles not elsewhere classified.
For general carpenters primarily engaged in the building trade (on-site) see CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF BUILDINGS [4.61]; for establishments primarily engaged in wheelwrighting see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for the felling and preliminary processing of wood within forestry establishments see FORESTRY [4.14]; for the manufacture of particleboard agglomerated with mineral binding substances see MANUFACTURE OF NON-METALLIC
MINERAL PRODUCTS [4.32]; for on-site timber preservation in buildings see CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF BUILDINGS [4.61]; for coffin making by funeral undertakers see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for metal bedsteads see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for rubber pneumatic mattresses see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for installation of shop fittings, etc. other than by the manufacturer see BUILDING COMPLETION WORK [4.63]; for the manufacture of awnings and blinds of other materials see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55] (canvas), PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58] (plastics), etc.; for sign writing see BUILDING COMPLETION WORK [4.63]; for the building of wooden vehicles, aircraft,
etc. see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47].
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57]
For canvas sacks see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for toys and games of paper see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for sensitised photographic paper see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33].
PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]
For the manufacture of synthetic rubber see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for the manufacture of complete footwear of rubber see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for rubber adhesive and adhesive tape and cloth see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for covered rubber clothing and stitched rubber gloves see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for covered rubber mattresses see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for pillows see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for repair work by garages and tyre distributors see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for complete footwear, clothing and stitched gloves see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for brushes and brooms see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for covered mattresses of plastic foam see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for toys, games and sports goods see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for goods made of leather substitutes see MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER AND LEATHER GOODS [4.54]; for fibre glass boats and mouldings for motor vehicle bodies see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47].
OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]
Includes the manufacture of goods from precious metals (including plated other than silver plated cutlery and tableware); the working of precious and semi-precious stones and pearls; the manufacture of jewellery; pewterware; struck coins and medals; musical instruments; toys and sports goods; miscellaneous stationers' goods; ivory, bone, horn, shell, etc. products; devotional articles, smokers' requisites, etc.; taxidermists' workshops; photographic and cinematographic processing laboratories; and other manufacturing and processing industries not elsewhere specified.
For silver plated cutlery and tableware see MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS [4.43]; for pedal cycles and parts see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47]; for rubber toys see PROCESSING OF RUBBER AND PLASTICS [4.58]; for playing cards see MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57]; for sports nets see TEXTILE INDUSTRY [4.53]; for sports clothing see FOOTWEAR, CLOTHING AND OTHER MADE-UP TEXTILE INDUSTRIES [4.55]; for adhesive tape see CHEMICAL INDUSTRY [4.33]; for adhesive paper see MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57]; for PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSING provided by retail chemist's or photographic retailers see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for photographic studios undertaking processing see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for the publishing of photographs see MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS; PRINTING AND PUBLISHING [4.57].
CONSTRUCTION [4.6]
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WORK [4.60]
Includes establishments engaged in building and civil engineering work not sufficiently specialised to be classified elsewhere; and demolition work. Direct labour establishments of local authorities and government departments are included.
CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF BUILDINGS [4.61]
For off-site builders' carpentry and joinery see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56].
INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES AND FITTINGS [4.62]
Includes gas fitting, plumbing, heating and ventilation, sound and heat insulation, electrical installation and other installation work.
BUILDING COMPLETION WORK [4.63]
Includes painting and decorating (including signwriting), glazing, plastering, wall and floor tiling, flooring (including parquet floor tiling) and other completion work such as the installation of fire places; shop and office fitting, etc.
For off-site builders' joinery and carpentry see TIMBER AND WOODEN FURNITURE INDUSTRIES [4.56]; for on-site joinery and carpentry see CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF BUILDINGS [4.61]; for installation by the manufacturer see the appropriate manufacturer's heading.
CIVIL ENGINEERING [4.64]
Includes the construction of roads, car parks, railways, airport runways, bridges and tunnels; hydraulic engineering (the construction of dams, reservoirs, harbours, rivers and canals, irrigation and land drainage systems, etc.); the laying of pipelines, sewers, gas and water mains and electricity cables; the construction of overhead lines, line supports and aerial towers; construction work at oil refineries (including construction of fixed concrete oil production platforms), and at steelworks, electricity and gas installations and other large sites; shaft drilling and mine sinking; laying out of parks and sports grounds and other civil engineering work.
For contractors responsible for the design, construction and commissioning of complete plants see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for the manufacture of construction iron and steelwork see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]. The treatment of installation work is described in the introduction to Working Life.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION [4.7]
Separately identifiable establishments engaged in the repair of vehicles or aircraft are excluded from this heading, but ordinary maintenance and running repairs are included.
For repair of road vehicles see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for repair of railway rolling stock, marine and inland waterway vessels and aircraft see TRANSPORT ENGINEERING [4.47].
GENERAL [4.70]
Includes all material of a general transport nature.
Material relating to organisations operating in more than one field of transport (e.g. passenger transport executives, London Transport) may be included here, although material relating specifically to a particular mode of transport should be classified to that mode regardless of the primary activity of the operating company.
ROAD [4.71]
Includes the provision, operation and maintenance of roads, paths, etc. and road transport services.
For transport departments of enterprises see the relevant industry and cross-reference here if required; for personal transport see TRAVEL [2.94]; for forestry roads constructed by forestry units see FORESTRY [4.14]; for exclusively military roads see WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8]; for hire of self-drive private vehicles see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93]; for wholesale and retail distribution of motor vehicles see WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81] and RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85] respectively; for establishments primarily undertaking repair and servicing of motor vehicles see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for filling stations see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85].
RAIL [4.72]
Includes all primary activities of companies providing either the route or train services or both.
Ancillary services such as workshops (other than for purely routine maintenance), steamer services, hotels, etc. are classified to their appropriate headings. Private owner wagon fleets are normally classified to the enterprise owning them, but may appear here as a cross-reference if desired; for railway wagon hire see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93].
INLAND WATERWAY [4.73]
Includes companies which provide either the navigation or carrying services or both. Also includes river and estuarine ferries (including chain ferries) and those crossing narrow stretches of water to connect inshore islands to the mainland.
For inland waterways associated with the water supply industry see WATER SUPPLY INDUSTRY [4.27]. oats operated by business enterprises primarily for the carriage of their own goods are normally classified to the establishments to which they are attached, but may appear here as a cross-reference if desired.
MARITIME [4.74]
Includes dock and harbour companies, lighterage and stevedores' services, towage services, Trinity House (lighthouses, lightships, etc.), shipping lines and supporting services to marine transport such as specialist salvage and diving companies, etc.
Vessels operated by business enterprises primarily for the carriage of their own goods are normally classified to the establishments to which they are attached, but may appear here as a cross-reference if desired.
AIR [4.75]
Includes the provision of airport facilities and navigational services such as air traffic control; air lines and supporting services to air transport.
For aerial crop spraying and seeding see AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SERVICES [4.13]; for aerial photography see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97].
SPACE [4.76]
TRANSPORT NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.77]
Includes pipelines, ropeways, monorails, etc.
MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORT AND STORAGE SERVICES [4.78]
Includes travel agents; freight brokers and other agents facilitating freight transport; and storage and warehousing.
Warehouses operated in connection with manufacturing or retail or wholesale distribution activities are classified to the enterprise to which they belong.
POSTAL SERVICES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS [4.79]
For the Post Office Philatelic Bureau see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for broadcasting transmitters and local cable relay systems for radio or television see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for the Post Office data processing service see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for the Post Office telecommunications equipment factories see ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING [4.46].
DISTRIBUTION; HOTELS AND CATERING; REPAIRS [4.8]
Classification to WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION [4.81], DEALING IN SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS [4.82], or RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85] depends generally on the trader concerned having title to the goods and also, where necessary, repacking, marking or otherwise rendering them to a condition suitable for retail by him. COMMISSION AGENTS [4.83] do not have title to the goods but arrange for their sale on a fee or a commission basis.
WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION (EXCEPT DEALING IN SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS) [4.81]
Includes slave trading (buying, selling and transportation).
For the employment of slaves see the appropriate heading for the task undertaken (e.g. for domestic slaves see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]); for slaughterhouses see FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.51-52].
DEALING IN SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS [4.82]
This heading includes establishments primarily engaged in collecting, breaking, sorting or compressing used and waste materials for use as fresh raw materials.
For the manufacture of the recovered waste material into new products see the appropriate manufacturing heading; for building demolition see GENERALCONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WORK [4.60].
COMMISSION AGENTS [4.83]
Includes those primarily engaged in acting as intermediaries between buyer and seller and in carrying out transactions for the principal's account on a fee or commission basis without having title to the goods in which they are dealing.
RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]
Includes mail order houses and credit-traders.
Bakehouses attached to retail shops may be included here if they cannot be conveniently classified separately from the retail side of the business; for ophthalmic opticians see HEALTH [1.41]; for clothing hire shops see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93]; for repair of footwear and other leather goods see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for tyre distribution and repair see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]; for the sale of motor fuel and lubricants by establishments primarily
undertaking the repair and servicing of motor vehicles see REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87].
HOTELS AND CATERING [4.86]
Includes clubs providing food, drink and entertainment; camping and caravan sites; conference centres; and private rest homes without medical care.
For catering services operated by railway companies see RAIL TRANSPORT [4.72]; for off-licences see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for professional sports and gaming clubs see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for amateur sports clubs see SPORT [1.67]; for canteens run by industrial establishments for their own employees see the relevant industry; for charitable rest homes see WELFARE [1.42]; for convalescent homes and rest homes with medical care see HEALTH [1.41]; for industrial convalescent homes see the appropriate industry.
REPAIR OF CONSUMER GOODS AND VEHICLES [4.87]
For vehicle repair and maintenance work carried out by establishments' own transport departments see the relevant industry; for filling stations retailing motor fuels and lubricating oils, etc. but not undertaking servicing or repair see RETAIL DISTRIBUTION [4.84-85]; for repair by retailers see the appropriate retail heading; for the assembling of watches from purchased parts see INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING [4.48]; for clothing repair and alteration specialists see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97].
OTHER WORKING LIFE [4.9]
The following services appear elsewhere: for amenities see AMENITIES, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORT [1.6]; for armed services see WARFARE AND DEFENCE [1.8]; forr business and professional organisations see BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS [4.02]; for education see EDUCATION [1.5]; for emergency services see EMERGENCY SERVICES [1.37]; for law enforcement see LAW BREAKING AND ENFORCEMENT [1.35]; for medical and other health services see HEALTH [1.41]; for national and local government see REGULATION AND CONTROL [1.3]; for religious organisations see RELIGION, CUSTOM AND BELIEF [1.11]; for sanitary services provided by local authorities see SANITATION [1.43]; for trade unions see LABOUR ORGANISATIONS [4.03]; for welfare services see WELFARE [1.42].
BANKING, FINANCE AND INSURANCE [4.91]
For establishments primarily engaged in leasing without operatives of capital or consumer goods to consumers for a specified period of time see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93]. Holding companies whose main interests are in industrial and commercial activities are classified by their main activity or to BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92] if appropriate. For `self-help' friendly societies with a social function see FRIENDLY AND CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES [1.25]; for marine salvage see MARITIME TRANSPORT [4.74].
BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]
Includes lawyers and solicitors; estate agents, auctioneers and valuers; accountants and financial advisors; architects and surveyors; advertising services; computer services; management, market research and public relations consultants; typing and other office services; employment agencies, security services, debt collectors, free-lance
journalists and press photographers.
For judges and stipendiary magistrates see LAW BREAKING AND ENFORCEMENT [1.35]; for lawyers, etc. employed full-time by national or local government or by businesses see their employer's heading; for establishments primarily engaged in research and development work see EDUCATION AND TRAINING; RESEARCH [4.95]; for engineers responsible for the design, procurement, manufacture, installation and commissioning of industrial process plant see MECHANICAL ENGINEERING [4.44-45]; for advertising, market research and public relations departments within a particular industry see that industry; for financial holding companies see BANKING, FINANCE AND INSURANCE [4.91]; for labour exchanges see WELFARE [1.42]; for cleaning services see SANITARY SERVICES [4.94].
RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93]
Includes businesses primarily engaged in the leasing, without operatives, of capital or consumer goods to customers for a specified period of time and owning and dealing in real estate.
For businesses primarily engaged in the leasing of capital goods whose value is generally depreciated during the course of a single hire contract (i.e. hire purchase) see BANKING, FINANCE AND INSURANCE [4.91]; for businesses primarily engaged in hiring including the provision of operatives, see the appropriate work actually undertaken; for computer time hire see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for the hiring of office equipment by manufacturers of the equipment see the appropriate manufacturing industry; for the operation of local cable relay networks and commercial film and video distribution see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for hiring of linen by laundries see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for hiring of sports equipment linked to the provision of recreational facilities see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for businesses hiring out vehicles, light aircraft and small vessels linked to the provision of recreational facilities see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for all developments employing building operatives (including direct labour establishments of local authority and new town housing and industrial estates departments and of housing associations) see GENERAL CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WORK [4.60].
SANITARY SERVICES [4.94]
Includes refuse disposal, industrial waste and effluent disposal, fumigation, pest control and similar services other than by local authorities; and cleaning services such as window cleaning, chimney sweeping and the cleaning of premises.
For waste disposal and sanitary services provided by local authorities see SANITATION [1.43] and STREET MANAGEMENT [1.65]; for specialised agricultural waste disposal see AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SERVICES [4.13]; for establishments buying waste for the recovery of saleable constituent material see DEALING IN SCRAP AND WASTE MATERIALS [4.82]; for nuclear waste disposal see NUCLEAR FUEL PRODUCTION [4.25]; for specialised agricultural pest control services see AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SERVICES [4.13]; for the
restoration and maintenance of exterior walls of buildings (including cleaning) see CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF
BUILDINGS [4.61].
EDUCATION AND TRAINING; RESEARCH [4.95]
This heading is used for the provision of education services as a business. Most aspects of schools and further education (including private schools) are classified to EDUCATION [1.5]. Also includes research and development work carried out in specialised research establishments (not universities or hospitals); foundations and charitable bodies primarily engaged in promoting scientific and other such research; and general exploration, prospecting, etc.
For in-service training see the relevant body employing the trainee (e.g. for flying schools providing specialised training for airline pilots see AIR TRANSPORT [4.75]); for own account instructors in recreational activities (e.g. sports or dancing) see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for governesses and private tutors in residence see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for research departments within particular industries see the relevant industry; for research undertaken in universities or in establishments attached to hospitals see HIGHER EDUCATION [1.52] and HEALTH [1.41] respectively; for oil and gas exploration see EXTRACTION OF MINERAL OILS AND NATURAL GAS [4.23].
RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]
This heading is used for the provision of professional recreational and cultural services.
For non-professional recreational and cultural services see CULTURAL TRADITION [1.1] and AMENITIES, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORT [1.6]; for film processing see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for the production of advertising films see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for High Street studios making films and video recordings for the general public (e.g. of weddings, etc.) see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for hire of videotapes for domestic use see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93]; for entertainment organised by the community see ENTERTAINMENT [1.66]; for free-lance journalists and press-photographers see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for commercial photographers see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for community-provided sports facilities which have a wider amenity value see SPORT [1.67], HYGIENE AMENITIES [1.64] or OPEN SPACES [1.62]; for amateur clubs and teams (including semi-professional clubs paying only a nominal fee to players) see SPORT [1.67]; for sports facilities provided by industrial concerns, etc. see the appropriate industry; for hire of sports equipment see RENTING OF MOVABLES; OWNING AND DEALING IN REAL ESTATE [4.93] (unless linked to the operation of sporting facilities e.g. hire of skates at a skating rink).
PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]
Includes laundries, launderettes, the hire of clean towels and industrial clothing, dry-cleaning, pressing or dyeing clothing; the reblocking and renovating of hats; invisible mending and other repairs or alterations to clothing; and cleaning or dyeing carpets, curtains, etc.; hairdressers, beauty parlours and manicurists, massage parlours, and sauna, Turkish and other public baths; High Street studios primarily engaged in still photography, filming and video making for the general public, possibly in conjunction with developing and printing films; funeral directors, musical instrument tuners, marriage bureaux, escort agencies and all aspects of prostitution (e.g. procuring, pimping, etc.);
indoor and outdoor domestic servants and employees of private households (including governesses, private tutors in residence, au pairs, baby-sitters, cleaners, etc.); and agencies for domestic servants, au pairs, baby-sitters, domestic cleaners, etc.
For municipal laundries and saunas, Turkish and other public baths provided by a local authority see HYGIENE AMENITIES [1.64]; for commercial film and video production see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96]; for commercial (advertising) and press photographers see BUSINESS AND LEGAL SERVICES [4.92]; for photographic laboratories see OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES [4.59]; for private tutors not in residence see EDUCATION AND TRAINING; RESEARCH [4.95]; for child minding see OTHER PUBLIC SERVICES [4.98]; for office, etc. cleaning see SANITARY SERVICES [4.94].
OTHER SERVICES PROVIDED TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC [4.98]
Includes offices providing information on tourism or engaged in the promotion of tourism. The British Tourist Authority, Regional Tourist Boards and holiday information services of local authorities are included if separately identifiable; veterinary practices, animal hospitals, animal homes (e.g. kennels, catteries); child minders, creches, etc.
For baby sitting see PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC SERVICES [4.97]; for nursery schools see SCHOOLS [1.51]
OTHER WORKING LIFE NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED [4.99]
Includes professional astrologers, psychics and mediums.
For astrologers, etc. primarily working in the entertainment industry (e.g. fairground or seaside palm readers) see RECREATIONAL AND OTHER CULTURAL SERVICES [4.96].
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